Parthenon

Project on The Parthenon

"Official" Move Notes

508 B.C. in Athens- People have turned on their rulers. Demanding freedom from their rulers

Cliesthenes:

- Was an aristocrat.

- He was broke up a ruler. 

-Was born about 570 B.C.
-Grew up in Athens.
-Would set Greece on the path to Empire
-Ancient tales and myths inspired him (influenced him from his earliest days)
-Would try to overthrow Hippias
-Was banished from Athens but then returned
-He created a democracy

Agora- central meeting place for people to address their fellow citizens. Every 9 days the people would meet here. ONLY MEN (and not a slave)

The revolution:
-Uprising of
-Rising up at the leaders
-Nobody has never done this before.
-508 B.C.
-The people had seized power for themselves

Isagoris:

-Took over after Hippias

Two most famous stories:
-Odyssey
-Iliad

Epics-Stories

Acropolis- City of Athens (Wall around it)

Greece was divided into nations called city states.
-Each with its own culture and history.

Sparta:
-Spartans were grown up to be warriors
-Raised away from their families in fields.
-Lived a life strict of comforts.
-Brought up to deal with anything
-Spartans were always a threat

Tyrant- is one who seizes and controls a government. (Has power for himself)

Pisistratus:
-The guy with a tall girlfriend who claimed to be Athena
-Gained Power
-He thought in order to maintain power he had to find alleys
-He turned to the common Athenians for support
-Reduced taxes and free loans

Pottery Makers:
- were the lowest.of the low
-The pots were used for transporting food and oils
-They decorated their pots.
-Took pride in what they did and brag about themselves

Hippias:
-Pisistratus's son
-He at first followed his father's footsteps
-He then turned bad and ruined everything
-His brother was murdered and he became suspicious of everyone
-Thought everyone was out to get him. (Paranoid)
-Was captured and banished from Athens forever.
-Over thrown by Cliesthenes.

490 B.C. Battle of Marathon: 1st battle
-Over 10,000 people from Athens went to fight
-Held off Persia
-Without any help from the Spartans
-Killed over 6,000 Persians

Pheidippides:
-He made one of the most athletics achievement ever
-The "marathon" was based after him
-He ran to Sparta to ask for help against the Persians.
-Ran 142 miles in just 2 days
-Help would be refused by Sparta
-He had never thought the Athenians would win

Themistocles:
-He was the hero of his city
-He wanted to build boats called Tririne
-Trirines were boats made for speed and power
-The problem was that these boats were very expensive so he had to come up with a plan.
- in 384 B.C. the Athenians found silver in their territory
-They wanted to split it among themselves but Themistocles wanted to build boats
-He came up with the bluff that it should be used against the other Athenian city-states
-He was able to do this
The Battle
-Ordered the evacuation of Athens when Persia attacked
-All the men were called to the ships
-The Persians burned the heart of Athens
-Themistocles wants to fight between the Salamins which is the narrow water way between Greek and Persia.
-At the end of the battle the Persians lost 200 ships. For the Greeks had won.
-He was kicked out by the Athenian people (ostrosized)
-He died in Persia. The Country that he beat.

Xerxes:
-Took after Darius (Persian Empire)
-He wanted to crush Athens and wouldn't rest until he did
- The Persian army had set out for Greece

Site of Oracle of Delphi:
-Was the greatest oracle of all
-She was located at the center of Greece
-People would go to ask about anything
-When the Athenians heard Persia was invading they asked the Oracle if they would win against them.
-She basically told them to run and there was no hope but Themistocles refused to run.
-People would come from all over the Greek world to ask the Oracle


Delain Leag-Where everyone met (Kind of like the United Nations)

Pariclas: 
-He wanted everyone to have a job,
-Make the greatest city the greatest in everything.
-Athens could do this now because they had the money and power to do it
Parthenon-was extraordinarily expensive. It was reconstructing the city.
-A 40 foot statue of Athena.
-Was a billion dollar project in modern money
-Parthenon Frieze:Was the most famous. It wasn't a full statue it was just a one-sided, carved out stone.
-It ^ celebrated normal people of the town.
-About two football fields long
-This was the first real achievement of the world's first democracy
-431 B.C. Pariclas wanted to start a war with Sparta.
-Victory against the Spartans would mean that Athens would become the strongest city-state.
-He convinced Athens to abandon their homes
-His plan was to isolate Sparta until they were cut off from supplies and gave up.

Aspasia- Beautiful, foreign, lady.  (Was Pariclas's 2nd wife)
-He treated her equally. Which was highly unusual for a woman at that time.

The Greeks invented Drama. -Tragedies and Drama and comedies

Odipus:
- Married his own mom
-Then gouged his eyes out when he found out

Ancient Greece

Geography of Greece:

• Mountainous peninsula

- Mountains cover 3/4 of land

• Approx. 1400 islands in the Aegean and Ionian seas
• Skillful sailors
• Poor natural resources
• Difficult to unite the ancient Greeks because of the terrain; developed small, independent communities.
• About 20% is suitable for farming
• Fertile valleys cover 1/4 of the peninsula
• Because of the Geography the Greek diet consists of grains, grapes, olives, and made wine.
• Lack of resources most likely led to Greek colonization
• Temperatures range from 48 in the winter to 80 in the summer.

Mycenaeans: 

• Began around 2000 B.C.
• Mycenae is located on a rocky ridge and protected by a 20 ft. thick wall.
• Mycenaean kings dominated Greece from 1600-1200 B.C.

                    -Controlled trade in the region

• 1400 B.C. Mycenaeans indeed created

Culture in Decline

• Around 1200 B.C. sea people began to invade Mycenae and burnt palace after palace
• the Dorians moved into the war-torn region

                -Far less advanced

                -Economy collapsed

                -Writing disappeared for 400 years

Homer and Myths

• Only stories were kept and passed on by word of mouth
• Homer lived at the end of the "Greek Dark Ages"
• Recorded stories of the Trojan War in the Iliad  and The Odyssey

                   -Trojan war was probably one of the last conquests of the Mycenaeans

.

"The Greeks crucible of civilization" Movie

-A crucible is a place where you melt metal. Has to have something in it to withstand all the heat in it.

-Pythomease was born in about 570 B.C.

-Life expectancy in Athens was less than 15 years.

-Life was extremely tough

-Greece was dived into City States (Individual groups with different leaders)

- The Spartans were always a threat to the rest of the Greeks
-They were brought up to deal with anything. (Spartans)
-Athenians produced olives and used them to trade with.
-In 510 Plyphomease was one of the mos tpowerful men in Athens at the time.
-The Olympic games was when anyone could compete.
-The stadiums around them would be filled with all different kinds of Greeks being peaceful towards one another.
-Greek was one of the first democracies
-

Greece

• Cyrus the Great

            -He founded the first world empire. (Persian Empire)

• Darius the Great

             -King of Persia (521 B.C.)

• The battle of Marathon

             - 490 B.C.
             - The Greeks one (First victory for the Greeks in the Persian war)

•  Xerxes

             - Was the son of Darius the Great
             -Wanted to destroy the Greeks after they won the first battle (battle of marathon)
             - His army included: 100,000 to 180,00 men, and a fleet of 600 ships. He planned to invade Greece                         first by land, then by sea.

• Bridge of Hellespont

             - It was used for Xerxes's men to cross (bridge)

• Leonidas

             - Was one of the few Spartan Kings to have ever undergone harsh training of Spartan Youth.
             - He was a hero in Sparta
             - He formed a small around (4,000-7,000) men and this began the battle of Thermopylae.
             - Sparta lost the battle ( Leonidas died) but it was a victory because only 300 men held off thousands of others.

• Peloponnese,Greece

             - Is where the Spartans lived.
             -Some of the most bloodiest battles were fought here.

• Herodotus-Greek historian (wouldn't know much about Greece if it wasn't for him)

              -He only wrote what he heard.

• Thermopylae 

              - Was a battle between Persian and Greek
              -Held off the Persians for a couple days

Egypt Today

Egypt's Economy:
-Tourism (Pyramids)
-Oil, natural gas, manufacturing
-Agriculture (Making the most of their 3% arable land: Cotton, corn, rice, wheat, fava beans)
- Aswan High Dam controls the flooding of the Nile

Egypt's Demographics:
-79 million people (Biggest population of middle eastern nations)
-Official language is Arabic
-Religions: Around 90% Muslim, and the rest are Christian (Coptic)

Government: 
1954-1970-Ruled by Gamal Nasser

• Nationalized the Suez Canal (Transportation of oil)
• Forms Allegiance with Soviet Union

1970-1981-Ruled by Anwar Sadat

• Switched allegiance to the U.S
• Attacked Israel over Sinai Peninsula, but later made peace
• Sadat was assassinated in 1981 because he made peace with Israel

1981-2011- was ruled by Hosni Mubarak

• Kept alliance with U.S (helped in Iraq war)
• accused of corruption, political persecution, human rights violations
• driven from office following mass demonstrations last month.

What's next for Egypt?
-No one knows.
-Military will take over until the elections (which will be in September, 2011)

George Elliot's oldest girl rode a pony home yesterday (GEOGRAPHY)

Ancient Egypt

Geography:
-Water for drinking,irritating,and for bathing
-Egyptian life is centered around the Nile River
-Every July it floods (Nile River)
-Every October it leaves behind rich soil
-The delta is a broad, marshy, tranglular area of fertile soil (Flows south to north)
-Managing the river required technological breakthroughs in irrigation
-Oldest monumental statue in the world

Pharaohs:
- Was ruler of upper and lower Egypt
He owned all the land
-Collected money and taxes
-There were a couple women pharaohs ( Cleopatra VII)

Pyramids:
-The most famous one is the Great Sphinx of Giza
-Built around 2555-2532 BC
-A recumbent Lion with a Humans Head
How the people were set up: (1 being the lowest)
1)Slaves and servants helped the wealthy
2) Farmers-wheat, barley, lentils, onions (Benefitted form irrigation of the Nile)
3) Artisans would carve statues, and military scene in the afterlife
4) Merchants- traded things.
5) Scribes- Kept record , told stories, poetry, how much things cost, medical treatments. (Would write in hieroglyphs
6) Soldiers used wooden weapons (bows&arrows) with bronze tips. (Might ride chariots)
7) UPPER-CLASS: Priests, physicians, and engineers
8) SUPER UPPER CLASS: Pharaoh (Political and religious leader)